The Conservatives have now lost eight by-elections since the 2019 general election, as well as making one gain and holding three seats.
– Hartlepool (May 2021): GAIN
The Conservatives won Hartlepool from Labour on a swing of 16.0 percentage points, in the first by-election of the current Parliament.
Labour had held the seat since it was created in 1974.
Prime Minister Boris Johnson hailed the result as support for his Government’s “levelling up agenda”.
– Chesham & Amersham (June 2021): LOSS
The Liberal Democrats won the Buckinghamshire constituency of Chesham & Amersham from the Tories on a huge swing of 25.2 points, in what would become the first in a run of Lib Dem by-election gains at the expense of the Government.
Party leader Sir Ed Davey celebrated by using a yellow hammer to demolish a “blue wall” of model bricks.
– Old Bexley & Sidcup (December 2021): HOLD
The Conservatives held this London seat in a by-election triggered by the death of MP James Brokenshire.
– North Shropshire (December 2021): LOSS
The Lib Dems’ next victory came just six months after Chesham & Amersham, taking North Shropshire from the Conservatives on an even bigger swing of 34.1 points.
This was the second largest by-election swing against any government since the Second World War, at contests where a seat had changed hands.
Newly-elected MP Helen Morgan celebrated by using a long yellow pin to burst a large blue balloon.
– Southend West (February 2022): HOLD
The Tories held this Essex seat in a by-election triggered by the murder of MP David Amess.
– Wakefield (June 2022): LOSS
The Conservatives suffered two by-election losses on the same day in June 2022: the first time since 1991 that a government had endured two concurrent defeats.
Labour took Wakefield in West Yorkshire on a swing of 12.7 percentage points.
– Tiverton & Honiton (June 2022): LOSS
The other defeat came in the Devon seat of Tiverton & Honiton.
The Liberal Democrats won the constituency with another huge swing, this time of 29.9 points.
– Selby & Ainsty (July 2023): LOSS
The period between the Tiverton & Honiton and Selby & Ainsty by-elections saw the Conservatives go through a hat-trick of leaders: Boris Johnson, Liz Truss (for 49 days) and Rishi Sunak.
The Selby & Ainsty by-election in North Yorkshire was one of three to take place on the same day in July 2023 and saw Labour win the seat from the Tories on a swing of 23.7 points – at the time, Labour’s second-largest swing at a by-election since 1945.
– Somerton & Frome (July 2023): LOSS
The Liberal Democrats clocked up another win in the Somerset seat of Somerton & Frome, taking it from the Conservatives on a swing of 29.0 points.
Sir Ed Davey celebrated by firing a cloud of yellow confetti from a blue circus cannon.
– Uxbridge & South Ruislip (July 2023): HOLD
The third by-election to take place on the same day in July this year saw the Conservatives hold the outer London seat of Uxbridge & South Ruislip, in a contest triggered by the resignation of its MP and former prime minister Boris Johnson.
Labour needed a swing of 7.6 points to take the seat – far smaller than the swing the party achieved in Selby & Ainsty – but managed only 6.7 points.
– Mid Bedfordshire (October 2023): LOSS
In the first of another double-bill of defeats, the Conservatives lost Mid Bedfordshire on a swing to Labour of 20.5 percentage points.
It was the largest numerical Conservative majority (24,664) to be overturned by Labour at a by-election since 1945.
– Tamworth (October 2023): LOSS
Labour’s victory at Tamworth saw a swing of 23.9 points: just enough to beat the swing at Selby & Ainsty and become the new second-largest swing by Labour at a by-election since 1945.
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